1. Introduction:
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Keshwana Jalore is an extension based agricultural institute established by the ICAR, New Delhi in 1985. The district occupies prominent place in the agro-climatic Zone-II b, “Transitional Plains of the Luni River Basin”. It covers total geographical area of 10, 56,611 ha, accounting for 3.1 per cent of the total reporting area of the Rajasthan State. The total population of the district is 18.28 lac with 19.50 per cent scheduled castes and 9.8 per cent scheduled tribes. The sex ratio in the district is 952 and density of population is 172 per square kilometer. The population of the Jalore district is predominantly rural based with 91.7 per cent of the total population living in villages. Literacy rate in is 54.9 per cent which is far below the State average. 
The climate of the district is moderate and semi-arid. The maximum and minimum temperature of the district varies between 47o to 0o C.  The normal rainfall is 370 mm. A large part of the district is vast semi desert plain having deep to vary deep and well drained loamy and sandy loam soils, low in organic matter, N and P and medium to high in K. Deficiency of micro nutrient Zinc, Sulfur and Iron have also started appearing in the district mainly in cash crops. The net sown area of the district is 6,68,028 ha which is 63.2 per cent of the total geographical area as against the State average of 49.9 per cent. The area sown more than once is 2,80,492 ha which is 42 per cent of the net sown area. The total cropped area of the district is 9,48,520 ha. The net irrigated area in the district is 3,49,213 ha which is 52.3 per cent of the net sown area. Wells are the major source of irrigation.

KVK Keshwana Jalore building	Vermi-composting unit at KVK premise

The crop sequences followed by cultivators are pearl millet-fallow, Kharif pulses-fallow, Kharif pulses-mustard under rain fed condition whereas fallow-mustard, castor-fallow, fennel-fallow, and pearl millet-mustard/wheat, green gram/isabgol-cumin under irrigated conditions. The productivity of castor, cluster bean and fennel are higher in comparison to state average. The district has diversified agriculture scenario with cultivation of number of field crop, vegetables, spices, medicinal crop, orchards and flowers. The total area under fruits and vegetables is 28,443 ha with major area under tomato in vegetables and pomegranate and lime in fruits. The livestock population of the district is 16.31 lac, out of which cattle is 2.95 lac, buffalo 4.69 lac, sheep 3.85 lac and goat 4.69 lac. Marwari breed of goat is pre-dominant and famous for meat purpose. Decreasing water table, saline and alkaline soil & underground water, blight & wilt in cumin, gummosis & blight in fennel, wilt in castor, leaf curl in tomato & chilies, lack of quality planting material, destruction of crops by wild boars and blue bulls are some major problems of the district.
The KVK is located 18 km away from district head quarter on Jalore to Sayla road. The farm is having land area of 60.08 ha out of which 50.0 ha is cultivated with vocational unit of model nursery, mother orchard of ber and lime, soil water testing laboratory, roof rain water structure, Azola Unit, vermi-compost unit, waste decomposer unit etc. Besides administrative building, farmers’ hostel and residential quarters for staff are also available. At present, Sr. Sci. and Head along with three SMS (Plant Protection & Home Science), two PA (Lab Technician and Computer Operator), farm Manager, two Driver and two Support Staff are working at KVK, Keshwana.

Table 1: Area and Productivity of major crops of Jalore District in 2015-16 & 2019-20*

2. Training Achievements:
On Campus Trainings: KVK organized courses for knowledge empowerment and skill development of farming community. Farmers were trained on aspects of integrated farming system, integrated crop management on different crops, lay out of orchard, nursery management, goat rearing during last five years including 107 on campus courses of 1-4 days duration, benefiting 3,870 participants (Table 2).

Demonstration of seed treatment in on campus training, Date- 24/6/2019, Venue- KVK, Jalore	Farm women training, Date- 24/6/2019, Venue- KVK, Jalore

Off Campus Trainings: KVK, Jalore organized total 154 awareness development off campus training on different aspects i.e. Integrated farming system, integrated Crop management on different crops, lay out of orchard, nursery management, goat rearing etc. under above training programme. A total of 4,103 farmers and farm women were benefited (Table 2).

OFF campus training at balance ration, Date- 14/10/18, Venue- Village: Narsana, Jalore	OFF campus training at Formation of Self-help group, Date- 04/01/2019,Venue- Village: Thanwala, Jalore

Sponsored Trainings: As a knowledge and resource centre of the district, different line departments and NGOs have approached the center for training programmes. The Kendra organized 117 sponsored training programme, benefiting 4,188 farmers/farm women and rural youths. These trainings were proven helpful in spreading technologies in the villages not adopted by KVK. These trainings were multi-disciplinary and farmers were trained on various aspects of agricultural sciences.

Training on Safe Storage of Grains, Pulses, and other commodities. Sponsored by : WRDA, New Delhi Venue- KVK, Jalore Date- 02/03/2020	DAESI training at KVK, Jalore, Date-04/01/2019,     Venue- KVK, Jalore

Table 2:  On Campus, Off Campus and Sponsored agencies training organized for farmers

Year	On Campus Training		Off Campus Training		Sponsored Training
	No.	Participants	No.	Participants	No.	Participants
2015-16	38	1939	30	1357	29	1396
2016-17	21	698	47	889	34	995
2017-18	17	424	27	597	16	500
2018-19	18	484	22	589	16	508
2019-20	13	325	28	671	22	789
Total	107	3870	154	4103	117	4188

3. Frontline Demonstrations:
a. FLDs on Pulses (NFSM):

Green gram: Improved varieties of green gram, viz., IPM-2-03, GM 4 along with full package of practices were demonstrated in 230 FLDs in 92 ha area. These varieties are having synchronized maturity, early in duration and gave 31.6 -50.0 per cent higher seed yield & effective gain of Rs.8,718 – 26,378 per ha over the farmer grown crop.
Chickpea: FLD on Chickpea were conducted in 70 ha area at 175 farmers farm. Variety GNG 1581 & RSG 974 recorded increase of 25.0 and 42.9 per cent over local check. The variety has good spread in district (around 60 per cent).

Table 3: Seed yield and economics of FLD laid out at farmers’ fields under NFSM on pulses

Year & No.	Variety	Seed yield (q/ha)		Per cent increase over FP	Net Return (Rs/ha)		Add. Net Return over FP (Rs/ha)	Site/Villages
		Farmer practice	Improved Practice		Farmer practice	Improved Practice
Green gram
2017-18 (125)	IPM 02-03	5.70	7.50	31.6	28,500	41,250	12,750	Pijopura
2018-19 (150)	IPM 02-03	2.50	3.75	50.0	17,438	26,156	8,718	Lodrau, Narsana, Debawas, Bokara, Bhavrani and Surpura
2019-20 (75)	IPM 02-03	5.33	7.10	33.2	32,246	58,624	26,378	Narsana, Lodrau and Pamana
Chickpea
2017-18 (75)	GNG 1581	12.00	16.00	25.0	55,400	69,186	13,786	Raithal and Bhavrani
2018-19 (50)	GNG 1581	11.20	14.00	42.8	50,400	67,186	16,786	Aalpura (Gudamalani) and Phalodi
2019-20 (50)	RSG 974	11.20	16.00	42.9	60,480	90,300	29,820	Nosra and Nosra Dhani

Green gram demonstration under NFSM Pulses, Date-13/08/2019, Venue- Village: Pamana, Sanchor, Jalore	Gram demonstration under NFSM Pulses, Date-  28/02/2020, Venue- Village: Nosar, Jalore

b. FLDs on Oilseeds (NFSM): KVK has introduced variety RT-351 of sesame in the district through 300 FLD’s in 130 ha area. The increase in yield was recorded to tune of the 19.4 - 46.5 per cent with additional net return of Rs. 1,800 - 28,285 per ha over the farmer practice grown crop. Variety RT 351 released from ARS, Mandor is having branches and multi capsule per locule, uniform maturity and more tolerance against diseases & pest attack. 

            KVK also introduced mustard varieties RGN 48 and PM 26 along with full package of practices in 255 ha area with 630 farmers. Mustard yield was increased by 16.6 - 49.3 per cent over farmers practice. The highest effective gain of Rs 5,513 -29,820/- per ha was recorded with PM 26 variety.

Table 4: Seed yield and economics of FLD laid out at farmers’ fields under NFSM on oilseeds

Year & No.	Variety	Seed yield (q/ha)		Per cent increase over FP	Net Return (Rs/ha)		Add. Net Return over FP (Rs/ha)	Site/Village
		Farmer practice	Improved Practice		Farmer practice	Improved Practice
Sesame
2015-16 (60)	RT 351	6.20	7.40	19.4	37,200	44,400	72,00	Jakhri
2016-17 (40)	RT 351	6.80	8.39	23.4	26,250	54,535	28,285	Safada
2017-18 (125)	RT 351	6.70	7.50	22.4	53,600	65,600	12,000	Safada
2018-19 (50)	RT 351	2.80	4.10	46.4	22,800	24,600	1,800	Bhavrani and Bokra
2019-20 (25)	RT 351	3.40	4.40	29.4	21,086	27,280	6,194	Ummedabad
Mustard
2015-16 (30)	Mustard	12.20	15.0	22.9	40,800	60,000	19,200	Unri
2016-17 (50)	Mustard	12.00	13.99	16.6	46,250	51,763	5,513	Javiya
2017-18 (100)	PM 26	12.00	13.97	16.6	48,000	55,990	7,990	Lodrau
2018-19 (75)	PM 26	14.40	21.50	49.3	35,020	59,900	24,880	Ladarau, Pamana and Doodwa
2019-20 (375)	Giriraj	14.40	21.50	49.3	60,480	90,300	29,820	Ummedabad, Pamana, Jailatra and Bijrolkhera

Balance ration packets for Animal nutrition FLDs, Season: 2016-17, Venue- Keshwana, Jalore	Nutri-garden demonstration at farmers field, Date- 22/01/2020, Venue-Village: Pamana, Jalore

 4. On Farm Trials:
  Title: Low yield of chilli due to imbalance fertilization
  Result: OFT on assessment of low yield in chilli revealed that application of Zinc sulphate @ 20 kg/ha along with application of 70:50:50 kg/ha N:P:K gave 225 q green chilli yield which was higher over recommended dose of fertilizer without zinc by 35 kg.

Title: Effect of goat milk curd as probiotic supplementation on growth of goat kid
Result: Feeding 1.5% of body weight concentrated ration+goat milk curd @15ml/kid/day upto 13   weeks resulted in increase of goat kid weight by 1.5 kg. The goat kid weight with this treatment was 6.5 kg as against 5 kg recorded in kids reared through farmers practice.

Title: Management of blight in cumin through new fungicides
Result: Application of two spray of tebuconazole 29.8 @ 1ml/lit at 15 day interva, first spray l at the time of disease initiation recorded 9.2 q cumin seed yield as against the seed yield of 6.25 q per ha recorded with farmer practice (spray of carbendazim+ mencozeb @ 2ml/l).

On Farm Trial on Chilli  Venue: Mandwla Season: 2015-16	On Farm Trial of Cumin, Date-  05/12/2018 ,Venue- KVK, Jalore

 

5. Villages Adopted and Activities Carried Out in Villages:

Villages: Bawtara, Tikhi, Aakawa and Pahadpura were adopted by KVK, Keshwana during this period and many developmental activities were carried out in these villages. At first, theses villages were surveyed to get basic data and accordingly work plan was framed. KVK conducted frontline demonstration on Cumin var. GC 4, Green gram var. GM 4, IPM-2-03, Sesame var.  RT 46, Isabgol var.  RI 89, Mustard var. Pusa bold & Bio-902 were conducted. Similarly, on farm trial on Chilli for Zinc deficiency was also conducted and results were appraised to the farmers. Chicory and quinova were also introduced as new crop in these villages at some selected farmers field. On and off campus training programmes were also organized as and when required on integrated crop managements and other aspects of farming system.

Result of all these interventions resulted in diversification of crops and increase in seed yield by 22-30 per cent over locally grown crops. The seed replacement rate of these villages were also improved by 25-55 per cent in various crops. Some farmers were also motivated to established pomegranate units at their farms.

 

Quivinova cultivation, Date- 18/3/20,  Venue- Village: Bawatra, Jalore	Nepier grass demonstration in Bijrol, Date-3/9/2019       Venue- Village: Bijrol Kheda, Jalore

   6. Seed Production: KVK, Keshwana, Jalor has produced highest quantity of seed of different varieties/ hybrids of different crop during this period. The fig. of seed production are depicted in Table 8 are as below:

   Table 8: Seed production at KVK Farms

Year	Crops	Variety	Quantity (q)
2015-16	Green gram, sesame, Cluster bean, Taramira	GM 4, RMG 62, RT 351, RGC 1017, Local	31.9, 30.15, 4.35, 133.77, 54.49 (254.66)
2016-17	Wheat, Mustard, Green gram, Cluster bean, Taramira, Cumin, Isabgol	KRL 210, PM 26, GM 4, IPM 2-3, RMG 62, RGC 1017, Local, GC 4, RI-1	48.03, 128.41, 78.08, 26.62, 47.23, 3.61, 2.45, 4.05, 8.38 (346.86)
2017-18	Green gram, Gram, Cumin, Cluster bean	GaM 5, IPM 2-3, GNG 1581, GC 4, RGC 1017	40.27, 217.47, 130.91, 12.37, 11.39 (412.41)
2018-19	Wheat, Mustard, green gram, gram, cumin, Isabgol	Raj 3077, PM 26, GaM 5, RSG 974, GC 4, RI-1	29.96, 5.4, 5.0, 42.74, 26.0, 12.48 (121.58)
2019-20	Green gram, Cluster bean, Taramira	GaM 5, GM 4, RGC 1038, RTM 2002	17.99, 8.98, 26.06, 23.0 (76.03)
Total			1211.34

7. Other Products:

Table 9: Aloe-vera production unit at KVK Farms and income earned by sale

Year	Crops	Variety	Number
2015-16	Aloe vera	Sweet	17,000
2016-17	Aloe vera	Sweet	5,000
Total			22,000

8. Special programmes (National levels programmes):
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalore organized a Kisan Mela on 04.04.2016 to explore and creating awareness among the farmers of Jalore district about this scheme. Smt. Amrita Meghwal, Hon’ble MLA of Jalore constituency was the chief guest, Dr. Balraj Singh Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor and Dr. Ishwar Singh Director Extension Education, AU, Jodhpur addressed the gathering.
Sankalp Se Siddhi Programme: KVK Jalore organized “Sankalp Se Siddhi” programme of Government of India on dated: 29/08/2017 for doubling farmer’s income, to promote organic farming, to maintain soil health and to promote crop insurance with other objectives. The Chief Guest of the programme was Hon’ble Vice Chancellor of Agriculture University, Jodhpur.
Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Inspired by the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s impetus on water conservation, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan is a time-bound, mission-mode water conservation campaign. The Jal Shakti Abhiyan was launched by the Ministry of Jal Shakti in 2019. It was campaign for water conservation and water security in the country through a collaborative effort of various ministries of the Government of India and State governments. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalore organized 10 farmers’ fairs at every blocks of Jalore district to promote efficient water use for irrigation (Per Drop More Crop) and better choice of crops for water conservation. Two large Kisan Melas were organized at Sanchore and Sayla block. Hon’ble MP Shri Devji M Patel and SDM were the Chief Guests at Sanchore and Sayla on dated 3/9/2019, respectively.
National Food Security Mission: A Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), was launched in October 2007. The Mission met with an overwhelming success and achieved the targeted additional production of rice, wheat and pulses. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalore regularly conducted front line demonstrations on pulses and oilseeds in different part of district under this scheme during this period. 

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna Kisan Mela Date- 04/04/2016, Venue- KVK, Jalore	Central Nodel Officer Mrs. Anuradha Prasad attended Jal Shakti Abhiyan Programme as Chief Guest, Date- 22/08/2020, Venue- KVK, Jalore

NARI Project: Under this project Kendra organized a health camp for 103 farm women with the help of medical department and clinical assessment of hemoglobin and blood pressure, weight etc. Under this scheme KVK Jalore conducted 103 nutri-garden demonstrations at farmers’ fields.

9. Kisan Mela:

Four Kisan Melas were organized on different themes at KVK premises and farmers’ fields sponsored by ATMA and Jal Shakti Abhiyan Programmes. A total of 4,852 farmers, farm women, students and other departmental official participated in these Kisan Melas. In all these programmes, extension literature was also circulated among the farmers and farm women. Problems of the farmers were solved at the spot, crop competition were also organized and farmers were taken to the experimental area of ARS, Jalore to see the agro-techniques on the occasion of Mela.

Kisan Mela under ATMA Scheme, Date- 18/03/2017, Venue- KVK, Jalore

10. Other activities of KVK:

Year	Field Days	Exhibitions	Advisory Services	Film Shows	Diagnostic Visits	Farmer Scientist Interactions
2015-16	4	5	350	38	19	7
2016-17	5	2	449	17	51	5
2017-18	8	4	305	11	25	4
2018-19	7	5	295	25	25	4
2019-20	7	10	500	20	25	10
Total	31	26	1899	111	145	30

           
For rapid transfer of proven technologies, various extension activities like field days, agricultural exhibition, farmers fairs, radio talk, TV show, film show, extension training meeting, kisan Gosthies, farmers scientists interaction, exhibition ex-trainees meetings etc. were being organized regularly by the KVK. During last five years, four farmers’ fairs (7,600), 31 field days (1,233), 26 agricultural exhibitions (8,833), 111 film shows (5,621) and 30 farmer scientist interactions (2,026) were organized to motivate farmers for adoption of new technologies.
11. Publications:

Year	Popular Articles	Research Papers	Pamphlets	Leaflets
2015-16	4	1	2	2
2016-17	1	8	2	2
2017-18	3	1	8	1
2018-19	3	1	11	2
2019-20	3	3	2	5
Total	14	14	25	12

12. Five major revolutions happened in the jurisdiction area of KVK:

• Application of mandatory activities of KVK have increased income of various group of farmers’ by 25-30 per cent. Establishment of different modules of IFS like protected cultivation structures, use of improved and new varieties of crops, dairy units, NADEP and vermi-composting units, Azolla and Napier grass units are common at the farmers’ fields now a days. Oil seeds, especially castor cultivation was promoted and there are many farmers which are harvesting more than 60 q/ha bean yield from irrigated castor which is 2nd highest in Rajasthan.

 

• Quality Seed Production: KVK, Jalore is known for quality seed production since 1996. KVK, Jalore is the pioneer KVK in seed production. In Kharif seasons, KVK is producing seeds of moong bean, cluster bean, sesame and in Rabi mustard, cumin, isbgol and chickpea.

• Under diversification of farming system popularization of pomegranate cultivation resulted in sharp increase in the area under this crop. Similarly, cultivation of Chinopodium quinova, Amranthus hypocondriacus were introduced by KVK, Jalore amongst the farming community. Processing unit of quinova was setup by farmers under the technical guidance of KVK Scientists.

 

• Popularization of organic farming practices resulted in sharp increase in the area of organic farming in Jalore. Crop management practices under saline-alkaly soil & water condition also contributed a lot towards income enhancement of the Jalore farmers.

13. Other significant achievements:

• The left over boundary wall 1450 m of KVK premises was constructed during this period for which the project entitled “Strengthening of seed production farms of Agriculture University, Jodhpur” was submitted to RKVY jointly by Director Research and DEE, AU, Jodhpur. An amount of Rs 95.00 lacs was incurred for constructing boundary wall.

 

• The KVK has removed shrubs and unwanted plant from its field and complete land area have been brought into cultivation especially for seed production. The write off articles lying at KVK premise since its inception were auctioned as per rule and cleanliness was maintained in KVK building and its farm.

• About 30 years old KVK adm. building was repaired along with installation of tile tukdi at the roof top to protect the building from roof dripping during heavy rain.

 

• KVK have established new demonstration units like Vermi-compost, Waste decomposer and Azola at its premise.

• District Agro-Met Unit sponsored by IMD, New Delhi under Gramin Krishi Mousam Seva is providing massage services to 1, 10,000 &1892 farmers and farmwomen, respectively through M Kisan Portal and different whats app groups to create awareness about the climate.

 

• KVK, Jalore has explored the blanching method in pearl millet flour to increase the self life. The blanching method is very simple and extensively used/adopted by rural women.